The History of Camera can be start from ancient time as the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 to 322 BCE) understood the optical principle of the pinhole camera and then later it be used for drawing and study purpose.
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Camera obscura
Aprx in 1816 the first fixed Photograph was made by
Nicéphore Niépce in 1826, he used a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier in Paris, France, soon effaced by further experiments with bitumen and exposing the plate in this camera.
The first photographic camera developed for commercial manufacture was a daguerreotype camera, built by Alphonse Giroux. Giroux signed a contract with Daguerre and Isidore Niépce to produce the cameras in France,
which each device and accessories costing 400 francs.
The camera was a double-box design, with a landscape lens fitted to the outer box, and a holder for a ground glass
focusing screen and image plate on the inner box. By sliding the inner
box, objects at various distances could be brought to as sharp a focus
as desired.
The early daguerreotype cameras required long exposure times, which in 1839 could be from 5 to 30 minutes
Collodion dry plates had been available since 1855, thanks to the work of Désiré van Monckhoven, but it was not until the invention of the gelatin
dry plate in 1871 by Richard Leach Maddox that they rivaled wet plates
in speed and quality. Also, for the first time, cameras could be made
small enough to be hand-held, or even concealed.
Birth of Kodak

The use of photographic film was pioneered by George Eastman, who started manufacturing paper film in 1885 before switching to celluloid in 1889. His first camera, which he called the "Kodak," was first offered for sale in 1888. It was a very simple box camera
with a fixed-focus lens and single shutter speed, which along with its
relatively low price appealed to the average consumer. The Kodak came
pre-loaded with enough film for 100 exposures and needed to be sent back
to the factory for processing and reloading when the roll was finished.
By the end of the 19th century Eastman had expanded his lineup to
several models including both box and folding cameras.
In 1900, Eastman took mass-market photography one step further with the Brownie, a simple and very inexpensive box camera that introduced the concept of the snapshot. The Brownie was extremely popular and various models remained on sale until the 1960s.
Film also allowed the movie camera to develop from an expensive toy to a practical commercial tool.
Despite the advances in low-cost photography made possible by
Eastman, plate cameras still offered higher-quality prints and remained
popular well into the 20th century. To compete with rollfilm cameras,
which offered a larger number of exposures per loading, many inexpensive
plate cameras from this era were equipped with magazines to hold
several plates at once. Special backs for plate cameras allowing them to
use film packs or rollfilm were also available, as were backs that
enabled rollfilm cameras to use plates.
Except for a few special types such as Schmidt cameras, most professional astrographs continued to use plates until the end of the 20th century when electronic photography replaced them.
35mm story
Oskar Barnack, who was in charge of research and development at Leitz, decided to investigate using 35 mm cine film for still cameras while attempting to build a compact camera
capable of making high-quality enlargements. He built his prototype
35 mm camera (Ur-Leica) around 1913, though further development was
delayed for several years by World War I. Leitz test-marketed the design
between 1923 and 1924, receiving enough positive feedback that the
camera was put into production as the
Leica I (for Leitz camera) in 1925. The Leica's immediate popularity spawned a number of competitors, most notably the Contax (introduced in 1932), and cemented the position of 35 mm as the format of choice for high-end compact cameras.
Kodak got into the market with the
Retina I in 1934, which introduced the 135
cartridge used in all modern 35 mm cameras. Although the Retina was
comparatively inexpensive, 35 mm cameras were still out of reach for
most people and rollfilm remained the format of choice for mass-market
cameras. This changed in 1936 with the introduction of the inexpensive
Argus A and to an even greater extent in 1939 with the arrival of the
immensely popular
Argus C3.
Although the cheapest cameras still used rollfilm, 35 mm film had come
to dominate the market by the time the C3 was discontinued in 1966.
The fledgling Japanese camera industry began to take off in 1936 with the Canon
35 mm rangefinder, an improved version of the 1933 Kwanon prototype.
Japanese cameras would begin to become popular in the West after Korean
War veterans and soldiers stationed in Japan brought them back to the
United States and elsewhere
TLRs and SLRs
The first practical reflex camera was the Franke & Heidecke Rolleiflex medium format TLR
of 1928. Though both single- and twin-lens reflex cameras had been
available for decades, they were too bulky to achieve much popularity.
The Rolleiflex, however, was sufficiently compact to achieve widespread
popularity and the medium-format TLR design became popular for both
high- and low-end cameras.
A similar revolution in SLR design began in 1933 with the introduction of the Ihagee Exakta, a compact SLR which used 127
rollfilm. This was followed three years later by the first Western SLR
to use 35mm film, the Kine Exakta (World's first true 35mm SLR was Soviet "Sport" camera,
marketed several months before Kine Exakta, though "Sport" used its own
film cartridge). The 35mm SLR design gained immediate popularity and
there was an explosion of new models and innovative features after World
War II. There were also a few 35mm TLRs, the best-known of which was
the Contaflex of 1935, but for the most part these met with little success.

The first major post-war SLR innovation was the eye-level viewfinder, which first appeared on the Hungarian Duflex in 1947 and was refined in 1948 with the Contax S, the first camera to use a pentaprism.
Prior to this, all SLRs were equipped with waist-level focusing
screens. The Duflex was also the first SLR with an instant-return
mirror, which prevented the viewfinder from being blacked out after each
exposure. This same time period also saw the introduction of the Hasselblad 1600F, which set the standard for medium format SLRs for decades.
in 1952 the Asahi Optical Company (which later became well known for its Pentax cameras) introduced the first Japanese SLR using 35mm film, the Asahiflex.
Several other Japanese camera makers also entered the SLR market in the 1950s, including Canon, Yashica, and Nikon.
Instant Camera or Polaoid Camera
While conventional cameras were becoming more refined and sophisticated,
an entirely new type of camera appeared on the market in 1948. This was
the Polaroid Model 95, the world's first viable instant-picture camera. Known as a Land Camera after its inventor, Edwin Land,
the Model 95 used a patented chemical process to produce finished
positive prints from the exposed negatives in under a minute. The Land
Camera caught on despite its relatively high price and the Polaroid
lineup had expanded to dozens of models by the 1960s. The first Polaroid
camera aimed at the popular market, the Model 20 Swinger of 1965, was a huge success and remains one of the top-selling cameras of all time.
Automatic
The first camera to feature automatic exposure was the selenium light meter-equipped,
fully automatic Super Kodak Six-20 pack of 1938, but its extremely high
price (for the time) of $225 (3770 in present terms)
kept it from achieving any degree of success. By the 1960s, however,
low-cost electronic components were commonplace and cameras equipped
with light meters and automatic exposure systems became increasingly
widespread.
The next technological advance came in 1960, when the German Mec 16 SB subminiature became the first camera to place the light meter behind the lens for more accurate metering. However, through-the-lens
metering ultimately became a feature more commonly found on SLRs than
other types of camera; the first SLR equipped with a TTL system was the Topcon RE Super of 1962.
Digital Camera
digital camera do not uses films to capture and save images but uses memory cards.now a days also equipped with Wi-Fi.also known as Digi Cam.
they are
Compact Digital Camera
Bridge Camera
Mirrorless Interchangeble Lens Camera
Modular Camera
Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera
Digital Single Lens Translucent Camera
etc
i had covered lil info at
http://www.yugworld.net/2014/01/types-of-camera.html
read full article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera
see this full infographics on Revolution of Cameras
Some yearly Facts by
Mary Bellis
- 5th-4th Centuries B.C.
Chinese and Greek philosophers describe the basic principles of optics and the camera.
- 1664-1666
Isaac Newton discovers that white light is composed of different colors.
- 1727
Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered that silver nitrate darkened upon exposure to light.
- 1794
First Panorama opens, the forerunner of the movie house invented by Robert Barker.
- 1814
Joseph Niepce achieves first photographic image with camera obscura - however, the image required eight hours of light exposure and later faded.
- 1837
Louis Daguerre's first daguerreotype - the first image that was fixed and did not fade and needed under thirty minutes of light exposure.
- 1840
First American patent issued in photography to Alexander Wolcott for his camera.
- 1841
William Henry Talbot patents the Calotype process - the first negative-positive process making possible the first multiple copies.
- 1843
First advertisement with a photograph made in Philadelphia.
- 1851
Frederick Scott Archer invented the Collodion process - images required only two or three seconds of light exposure.
- 1859
Panoramic camera patented - the Sutton.
- 1861
Oliver Wendell Holmes invents stereoscope viewer.
- 1865
Photographs and photographic negatives are added to protected works under copyright.
- 1871
Richard Leach Maddox invented the gelatin dry plate
silver bromide process - negatives no longer had to be developed
immediately.
- 1880
Eastman Dry Plate Company founded.
- 1884
George Eastman invents flexible, paper-based photographic film.
- 1888
Eastman patents Kodak roll-film camera.
- 1898
Reverend Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film.
- 1900
First mass-marketed camera—the Brownie.
- 1913/1914
First 35mm still camera developed.
- 1927
General Electric invents the modern flash bulb.
- 1932
First light meter with photoelectric cell introduced.
- 1935
Eastman Kodak markets Kodachrome film.
- 1941
Eastman Kodak introduces Kodacolor negative film.
- 1942
Chester Carlson receives pate photography (xerography).
- 1948
Edwin Land markets the Polaroid camera.
- 1954
Eastman Kodak introduces high speed Tri-X film.
- 1960
EG&G develops extreme depth underwater camera for U.S. Navy.
- 1963
Polaroid introduces instant color film.
- 1968
Photograph of the Earth from the moon.
- 1973
Polaroid introduces one-step instant photography with the SX-70 camera.
- 1977
George Eastman and Edwin Land inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
- 1978
Konica introduces first point-and-shoot, autofocus camera.
- 1980
Sony demonstrates first consumer camcorder.
- 1984
Canon demonstrates first digital electronic still camera.
- 1985
Pixar introduces digital imaging processor.
- 1990
Eastman Kodak announces Photo CD as a digital image storage medium.
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